Shipping case or crate and shook therefor



4 Shee'ts-Sheet. 1

G. G. WHEAT Filed June 4,l 1940 ASHIPPING' CASE OR CRATE ANDY SHOOK-THEREFR vili u lf@ A Aug. 27, 1946.

- Aug. 2.7, 1946.

E i SHIPPING CASE OR CRATE AND SHOCKv THEREFOR 4 sheets-sheet 2 FiledJune 4, 1940 INVEN-ron W/zedf Aug. v27, 1946. G. G. WHEAT SHIPPING CASEOR CRATE AND SHOOK THEREFOR Filed June 4, l194@ 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOBY I /boRNEY' Aug. 27, 1946. G. WHEAT` *SHIPPING.GASE OR CRATE AND SHOOKTHEREFOR.

4 sheets-sheet 4 l Files, June 4, 1940 lili INVENTOR @e0/ge Y W/fedlPatented Aug. 27, 1946 UNITED SHIPPING CASE OR CRATE AND SHOOVK THEREFORGeorge G. Wheat, Brooklyn, N, Y.

` Application June 4, 1940,y Serial No. 338,710

This invention relates to panels to be assembled and united to formhollow structures, and while they may be used in the construction ofdifferent forms of structures they are particularn bly adapted for useas shocks in constructing shipping cases, boxes or crates. n

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved boXQor caseshook or panel consisting of 'a plurality of wood pieces, such as boardsor y planks, assembled in-edgewise joined relation by tongues andgrooves, and the provision of means 2 claims. (c1. eef-4)" to engage andextend transversely of the width of boards or planks to retain them inedgewise assembled relation under a compression force acting against theresiliency of the wood and adapted to distributeV and take up uniformlythroughout the entire panel or shook the force of lateral stressestransmitted thereto;

While the shook or panel is adapted for use in T the construction ofldifferent structures, and is particularly adapted for use in theconstruction of shipping cases, boxes or crates wherein a shook orpanel, or two or more of said shooksor panels assembled in edgewiserelation, constitute the sides, top and bottom lof the structure, andwherein means engaging and extending transversely of the width of theboards or planks serve to joint them in edgewise relation and take up inthe shook or panel the stresses of forces transmitted laterally thereto,they also serve to secure and unite the shocks assembled in the case orcrate while maintaining the shook boards under a compression force andeffect an equalized or balanced distribution of strength throughout thecase or crate and uniformly distribute and take up through all thepartsof the case lor crate any stress or stresses of a load thereinexerted on a part or parts of the case or crate, and thus adapting theshooks or panels to the construction of a shipping case, box or cratewhich is not only simple in construction andl low in cost but highlyeiiicient in use. f y

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appean Inthe drawings accompanying and forminga part of this application,

Figure 1 isa front elevation of- 'my improved shook or panel and showingthe sameinjedge- ,tie rods. t

Figure 4 is a perspective view, on an enlarged n l showingtheV manner ofadhesivelyfuniting the n same and providing tunnels between the boardsor adjacent shocks or panels for the passage of scale and partly'brokenaway, of a board or yplank showing the mannerV of arranging mortises inthe ends thereof'and engaging tenons orsplines therein to connect theboards of afshook or adjacent shooks and arrange Vthe mortise withtunnels for the passage of tie rods.

t Figure 5 is a perspective view` offashipping case constructed ofshooks, shown in Figure l.

Figure 6 is a perspective view on an enlarged scaleA and broken away, ofa corner portion of the case shown in' Figure 5, to show the manner ofuniting the members of the case. 7 v

Figurel'l is a perspective View showing amodi# liedv construction'it-ofa lshipping 'caseuconstruct'ed from shooksshownv in Figure 1. 4 ,v

Figure 8` isl a Isectional view on an enlarged .scaletake'nsubstantially on the line 8,-8 offFig- ',ure 7 to show the connecting`of members to the, shocks or panelsto constitute skids of the ship-vping case.V

Figure 9 is a View `similar to Figures snowing f a modified constructionof members connected to the shooks or panels to constitute skids forv ayshipping case. j

Figure loris a sectionaluview on an enlarged 1 scale taken substantiallyonthe line lll-,I0 of Figure 'l to show the manner of connecting a shook,or shocks constitutingthe top of a shipy ping case to a shook orrshooksconstituting a side of the shipping case.- l f f Figure 11 is aperspective 'view showing the shooks assembledin a further modifiedconstruction of shipping case.

l Figure 12 is a sectional viewin perspective on FigurelS -isairagmentary viewin .perspective f on an enlarged lscale andpartlybroken away, of

avgcornerportion of the casingshownin Figure 11 `to show the nianner of,connecting shocksv constituting the sides to the top of the shippingcase; and v, l Y

Figure 14 is a fragmentary view in perspective on an enlarged scale andpartly shown in section, the section being taken through the casebetween adjacent shooks, as ony the line Ill-'I4 of Figure 11, andshowing a modified arrangement 'ofv conl m side of the case andtheconnecting of members n to said shook constituting a side of the caseand t constituting skids for the case.

The shook or panel as shown in Figure' 1 is f constructed of woodpieces, such as boards or l planks IA, hayinggparallel pairs o f,grooves; l5 arranged in oneilongitudinal edge fini the direction 1 ofthegrain of the boards or; planks and a pair ofV parallel tongues I6extending along the oppoi,

site longitudinal edge in the direction of the grain. The boards orvplanksareioinedlineedge- Wise relation by engaging the tongues ormone!y 'board in the grooves of an adjacent-board. Ifp l' seal the jointbetween the tongues and'grooves` z the grooves are made of'greater-depththanfthe i distance or extent to which the tonguesproectfrom the board and theiportionintermediate'th tongues, as et. Il, isinaplane inwardly fram the 1 LDOIQIILSt' buiwardilyjfrom the'wneuswherebr-when'the boards 'arejoined thebottorniffthe y groovesWilI-bespacedtfrem theto'nguesj asfshown Vat I8, and the portion intermediate.the"tongues 1 'will-bespa'ced from thefopposedgportionofjthe l "bo/arde'an adhesive,y Asuchjass jglue," is do'ctored j onto the surfacejbetwe'en I the' tongues fof the "boardszand it may also be 'appliedr1.5021ih'ees'lee fromi'betvveen the portion t1 .of .thefboa'rdsralongtransmitted laterally to the Avshook for; panelthe 1 opposite ends oftheboards `are;'mortiseid,along "the jfWiidth thereof', thefQmOrtisesfleeing IdislilQSedmildww'the'thckness -ofrthe woed Y 1intermediate,thetolieuesandgsrooves and beiie fof aVV Widthsubstantially equal Ito the spacefbel iweenthe bases of the tongues andgrooves, as:

` Vshown H), and extend intotheboards,.,as iridi catedatElS, 'the .sideWalls ,of the mortisesbeing chamferedand decline to the bottom .pfthenior- Lise, as Vat |795'. Tenons orisplines '.2i3,.^p 1ie' rably fcordlor Ibe'am eiect Withftl'le `result :thatthe vshocks are equalin'strength'and by drawing thevshockstogether by'theitierodsandthenbyplacf Wood pieces, of layvidthjl essi than'thfe depth' cfthe 1mortis'es are :engaged inthe mortisesgandthe `space b etWeenjthebottomof'the mortis ef ani v tenons or splines 'Constitutinetunnels extendingtransversely Of the Widthqof the shook. "The'rOIlje edge of the. tenonsengagedin anlopposeditoithe bottom -of the rnori'dsejis.f'recessedV asat"' 2l t l'.1e l side-Walls 'of the'recesses declning'flmthej sides ofthe tenons to the bottom of the recessjas atV 1 ZIE'Tfie'boardsiincassembling aneiioninedf the same :by the rtongues' andgrooves,r as jshown `in 1 Figurej 2, are subjected edgewiseofithegforcegoia l i mpressiqn;pressi1re against .thegresilenyj'fithefwood ;of :theboards '.by'iorciblydrawing :the

' "boardsftogetherlby suitablemeaIl-SL"Such 25j-'tie v y rods 22extendedthrcughv the'm'ertise `timnels v and nutstheaidedento.SaidIOdsridre'tairredin Seidhonditian until'they lare ite Lbe'fus.I lconstructionf ehollew ,Struturesueh pine Aor packinsjcsebex' orA crate,h .shQQkS or'fpanelsjas Ashown'in' Figurel; a-refa a'ptedf'fto be usedsingly or in multiple in the construction -oi arshipping case, i-boxiorcrate of rectangular f 'forrriarr'wwhenlenly one'offthe sheoksjistoibe lt futilizeqiorthesides, endstj'top'andqottoinjof the case the nuts areremovedfrom the tie rods and the shocks positioned so that certain ofthe shocks Will overlie the ends of the tunnels vand others of theshocks connected thereto by extending the shocks overlying the ends ofthe tunnels.

VIn Figure there is shown a shipping case or box constructed invaccordance with the present 1invention,from:shooksfasshev/in; in Figurel. As

l0 fishes/nf; each ,ofthe sideimembersof the case includes a pair ofshocks a, a', each of the end \niernbers a pairV of shocks b, b; and thetop and bottom members each include a pair ci shocks QCZ 1n assemblingthe members of the case the end and side members are rst assembled byposi- ,tieni-ngthegend members Vwith the face adjacent 'theends'engaging or abutting the opposite lonlfgitudinall edges `cfthe sidemembers and with the Alongitudinal edges of the end members spacediromtheends of the side members, as shown at 23' in Figure 6,the endendside membersfbeing secured? irrsai-d' position -by'tie rc'ds engagedinthe tunnels ft't'hei side'rnernbers,` theI tief rods being of alengt-hjgre'ater e than the Width o'i the g5 two*A sheGiesen?A a' 'and'extended-'throughopenings rnerrgbersiA to the `isidemembers offthej'casearia `boards"t'l'ier'ec'sfr underja*compressionjforcefjThe shocksc,- 4l oiN4 the topi an*d"bottommernbers are *thenposit'ioned betweenithe en'd 'portions' off the sidemernbers yprojecting"bevondtheside'feeligesoi the end members, ras s at` 2` 5, andi the `sideeiigespf :the'side i members engaging the-top z and vbottom ingthe" boards/of'. thev'shooksgurider a compression 55 force anylateral stresses; such asimpacts against thesame,l are distributed and taken up uniformlythroughout the l entire shook. Also by the arrangement o fthetie rods'in unitingthe elements ofthe case the tie, rods will' be'funder' tensionand @-5) 'thejwood ,of the 'shocks act under compression one anotherfbutagainst the resiliencyciithetvood withthe result that there is Vanegualizedprbal- Y anced 'distribution of strengthv a'ndjganystressescommunicated to .a member ofthe 'case isi trans- :airegtlri'eshooksfplaced under'jiin'di.ley1 stress atthe terminals-cry r'edgesfthereof, as in securing Y'the shocks; in thercavsethere isnoLpenetra'ti'oniand disruptive 'eiect of the marginal ,portions idfftheshocksby'fasteningmeans such as nails, screws andthe like. The tierodsextendthroughgthe ,7 5 s'hjooks at thecorn-ersof'thecasejandftdprevent ends of the tie rods through the portions ofthev Ymembers, as atl-26, andthe'toparrd'bottomirriem-V 'bers-'secured'in 'such'p'osition joyY tie rodssiniila'r *to* the tiefro'ds'l22extendedthrough Ltl:1etu1"lnels andthe pull 'ofthe Ltie ro'dsvill:nct'fbeagainst Y Y 'minted te and taken upm an este@ members of" thecase. l\lo,e1ement of. the ease; the1,tie rods or fthe Woodof'thekshooks is'placed under sheer; nor

` bers.

the nuts as they are screwed onto the tie rods end members and the topor bottom member, the

tie rods being extended through openings in said caps and the nutsabutting the same.

To further reinforce and strengthen the case, tie rods are extendedlongitudinally through tunnels arranged in the side, tcp and bottommembers of the case. These ro-ds are shown as extended longitudinallyintermediate the shooks, asat 28. To provide tunnels between the shocksfor the passage of said rods a tongue, as shown at la in Figure 3, isremoved from the lend member cf the shook and the board is providedwitha groove I5a similar to the grooves I5 adapted to be 0pposed to agroove I5 in the edge of the adjacent shook providing a tunnel cfgreaterwidth in the directicnrof the width of the boards and permitting the tierods to be displaced laterally to avoid tie rods extending through theboards or between the shocks of case members in someforms of the case.If desired, tie rods, as the rods 23,' may be extended longitudinallythrough tunnels arranged intermediate the side edges of boards of theshooks, for which purpose a tongue Itet is 'removed from one of theintermediate boards and provided With a groove, as indicated at Ib inFigure 3. L

The tie rods 28 extending through the ends of the shocks having thetenons mcrtised therein, as

shown in Figure 6, function to draw. the top and bottom members adjacentthe side edges and intermediate the length thereof to the side membersof the case, draw the side members adjacent theside edges andintermediate the length to gether by bolts 3d.4 In the arrangement ofskids 6 to the end members by tie rods 22o through the tunnels in theshocks of the top members and the angle iron members 3l and nutsthreaded onto the ends thereof at the outer side of the angle ironmembers, and the bottom member is united to the side members by'tie rods22d extended throughv the mortise tunnel and the shocks of the bottommember and through the shocks of the side members a, a', a2, a3 of thecase.

To reinforce the case and adaptfit to be readily cost they are, as shownin Figures 8 and 9, constructed of three memberalpreferably wood, insidewise relation, each member being of a thick-f nessk less than theWidth thereof and secured toshcwn in Figure 9, plates A of greater widththan the skid members are interposed between the ber of the skid and theflange of the other platev overlie thevother cuter member of the skid,andV the flanges at the opposite edges of the plate overthe ends of theend members of the case and draw the end members adjacent the side edges4and intermediate the length thereof to the ends of the top and bottommembers, said tie rods are extended through a leg of angle iron members2B, the angle members engaging over the joined portions of shocks andthe side marginal portions of the case members, as 4clearly shown inFigures 5 and 6. l

In Figure 7 there is shown a niodiiied arrangement of shipping case orcrate constructed from shooks, as shown in Figure 1, and utilizing fourof said shocks a., a', a2 and a3 in the side members,

four shocks c, c', c2 and c3 in the tcp and bottom members, and twoshocks b, b in the end mem- Angle iron members 3i) are engaged over theangle at the juncture of the side members with the end members and angleironmembers 3| and 32 engaged over the angle at the juncture of theVtcpmember with the end members and side memto the end members by tierods 22a extended v through the mortise tunnels of the shocks similar tothe tie rods 22. in the Figure 5 arrangement, and through the angle ironmembers 3)r and vthe shocks as well as the boards of the 'shocks beingdrawn together under a compression force by nuts threaded onto the tierods at the outer side of the angle iron members. The end members aresecured tc the side members by tie rods 22h extended through the tunnelsin the shocks of the end members and through the angle iron members 30and nuts threaded onto the ends thereof to draw togetherunder acompression force the shocks and the boards of the shocks of the endmembers cf the case. The top member of the case is united lying theintermediate member of the skids.

the angle iron members 32 and nuts threaded thereon. The intermediateskid is connected to the case by tie rods 23 extended through thetunnel, as at |5a, between the shocks of the end members and said skidwith the nut or head at one end ccuntersunk into the skid and the op;

posite end cf the tie rods extended through the' angle ironvmembers 3land nuts threaded thereon. A board may be secured to the ends of theskids to close the space at the bottom of the case between the skids togive a nished appearance to` the case.

In Figures 1l to lli there is showna further i Y modified embodiment ofthe Y invention constructed from shooks, as shown in Figure l. The

side, top and bottom members of the case are constructed of four shocksand the end members oftwc shocks the same as in Figure 7, the side `andend members engaging upon the bottom member with the top member engagingupon the Vendsv of the side and end members. Instead of the side and endmembers beingy arranged in abutting relation and an angle iron engagedthereover, `as in the Figure 7 arramgement,` angleV y iron members 36through which thejsidev andA end members are united are arranged so thatthe outer face of one leg of said angle iron members engages Aa sideedge oi the side members of the case and the'other leg engages the sideedge of an end member ofthe case, as clearly shown in Figure 13, and thetie rods 22a extended through the mortise tunnels of the side membersand the tie rods 22b extended through the mortise tunnels in the endmembers are extended through openings in said angle iron extended.

To connect the skids to the case and further rein'-V 7 Y members 'ineassieme members e 31" and 321 arey engaged'over thel angles formed atthejuncture of the tcpinembers with the end andk side members. The tie'rods 2E extending through the mor't'ise 'tunnels in the' shocks in thetop member of the casev are extended through the angle iron members 'Slto unite it to the end members, and the bottom lmember is connected to'the' end members by extending the vtie rods 22d in the mortise tunnelsof the shocks thereof tlu'o'ughVY the shocks hub of the end members ofthe case. The :case is also provided With'skidg 3%" extendinglong-itudinally o''the case below the side nieinbersand intermediatethebettom meinber. uTo yconnect the fs'lridsextending below the sideineinbers to and reinforce the case the tie rods 28" 'extending throughthe tunnels between the v'shocks of the sidemembers are `extendedthrough said skids with the nut cr' h ead at oneV endv countersunk'int-o the skids, las shown *in Figures 1'2v and i4, the oppositerendsvofthetie rodsetending throughythe angle iron members The Yintermediateskid is connected vto the 521 case by 'the `'tie rods 28" extendedthrough lthe vtunnels between the "shocks of the gend members dfthe-case kar`1i7-the 'angle v'iron' members f3'l".Y Y'To make the oasepilier proofk angular caps 2l are engaged -o'ver the yemmers Ifformedfbyvthe side and end members with ehe tcp and-'bottom members tliegca-se,said lcaps being secured 'to thee'a-se by zbelts/1,58 extended inwardlythrough Vsaid cap threaded ontofthe bolts Within the case.-Togfaci-litate securing fthe lnuts onto said( `boltsffroin thevinterior of the Lcase"it is provided With a'n access "openingv having ahinged closure,

'as shown-'atti arranged with means 'to secure the lclosi-irefin closedposition; as by afpadlocl; Vor the'flile. "This 'opening .to the c'asemay also beV utilized fior the'passage *ci articlesjto ybe enclosedinthecase.

' Inth'e arrangementof cases Asloffvvn in 'Figures 8 the ftie: rodsr ToVfurther rstrengtljenthe case, a reinforcing member., maybe interposedbetween the top member and the side membersof the case, as'shown at 4l!in Figure 14.

Having described my invention, I claim: i 1.7In av shook or panel, aplurality of Wood pieces of equal length having a pair of spaced Y*tongues on onerlongitudinal edge and a pair of grooves in the oppositelongitudinal edge and' a Wood piece havinga tongue and a groove ononelongitudinal Yedge and a pair' of grooves in the opposite longitudinaledge, and all of the wood l pieces having a mortise in the IoppositeendsiXftending in the direction of the width and transversely of thegrain thereofrmidway the tinck-, V

toV extendftransversely of the lassembled Woodl l piecesA adapted totake up the stresses of .forcesy transmitted laterally of the assembledwood Tl the top and .bottolnfmembersare also y unite fthe siden'icrnbers by the :tie jrods '28@ extended through the tunnels betweenthe-shoks di said top and bottom members, said ltie rodsV A ofSth'e't'op member extending through the angle iron, nienibers' and "of'theY bottom member t rough thesholsof the sidemembers, Washers beingintei'posed'between the nuts and 'heads of the' 4"cie/rooie to preventundue compression of thewood of the shocks. In the arrangement of the`shocks of the Itop, bottom andA side members as shown `'in Figures 7and Il vvhereinthe tie rods 23', :28a intersecteachfotlien'as shown'linFigure fili, 'by 'the arrangement of making the tunnels between theshocks -o 'increased Width one fof said 'tie rodsa for instance the tierods extending through 'the tunnels between the Y shocks-df t'h'esidemembers off the case, maybe readily ffdispo'sedat'thesi'de of thetierods extended lthrough fthe rztunnelsfbetween 'the -shocks di :thetop and fbottom members'of the case. ilsotodisplace'thetie rods'in themortis'e tun-V nels ofthe shook-'sL of #one member of the case relativeto another member ofthe case andlthus nmilitate the s'crevvingdf `the`nuts onto the tie rods -in vthe moitise tunnels, fthe mortise tunnelsareV ofiincreasedwidthrelative -to th'e diameter of pieces, and-saidsplines spaced from and forining with thebottom portion of themortisestunnels Yextending transversely of the assembled pieces adaptedfor the engagement of means to draw theassembled wood pieces together inedge-` v/ise relation. c

2. In a shook or panel forV cases and the like; a

plurality of sections adapted to be disposed in edgevvise relation intheshook or panel, eaclisec-" tionv consistingl of a plurality Iof woodPieces having a mortiserin the opposite ends extending in the direct-ion-of the Width and transversely Yof the `grain of the Wood Apieces andhaving a pair of tongues on one edgel and -a vpair of Ygrooves in the4opposite edge extending longitudinallyjand `in the'd'irection of thegrain of the -Wood pieces, and

afwo'odrpiece to constitute the end Wood piece of a section having atongue and a groove nextending parallelly of 'the tong-ue in the outeredge vthereof and said groove adapted to be disposed opposite a groovein lthe outer edgeiof the Wood pieceatthe end ofthe adjacent section andform 'therewith a passage extending longitudinally oi thevvood pieces ofthe sections, and the wood pieces of thejsetions joined in edgewiserelation l by the tongues and grooves with the mortises disposed inalinement, splines of ajlength equal vto the Width ofthe shook Asectionsand of aWidt-h less than the depth of themortises in the ends vof thewood vpieces engaged in the Vmortises and extending 'transversely fofthe sections Yof the shook and positioned inthe mortises in Aspacedrelation to and forming with :the bottom `portion thereof tunnelsextendingtransversely ofthe plurality. Qf'vshook sections, and meansextendedY through lsaidl tunnels adapted tof connect the sections of thevshook in edgewise relation and place and f-hold'the `plurality ofsections 4of the l'shook underan edgewise compressionforce. v PGrEGRGEGr.YVZHEAT.

